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Puff-throated babbler
The puff-throated babbler or spotted babbler (''Pellorneum ruficeps'') is a species of passerine bird found in Asia. They are found in scrub and moist forest mainly in hilly regions. They forage in small groups on the forest floor, turning around leaf litter to find their prey and usually staying low in the undergrowth where they can be hard to spot. They however have loud and distinct calls, including a morning song, contact and alarm calls. It is the type species of the genus ''Pellorneum'' which may however currently include multiple lineages.
==Description==
Puff-throated babblers are brown above, and white below with heavily brown streaks towards the breast and belly. They have a chestnut crown, long buff supercilium and dusky cheeks. The throat is white, and is sometimes puffed out giving it the English name. Puff-throated babblers have strong legs, and spend a lot of time on the forest floor. They can often be seen creeping through undergrowth in search of their insect food, looking at first glance like a song thrush. Some subspecies have streaks on the mantle while others, especially in Peninsular India, are unstreaked.
The widespread distribution with population variations has led to nearly thirty subspecies being described. The nominate population is found in peninsular India (excluding the Western Ghats). The population in the northern Eastern Ghats is paler and has been called as ''pallidum'' while a well marked dark form occurs in the southern Western Ghats which has been named ''granti'' (includes ''olivaceum''). The western Himalayas population is ''punctatum'' (includes ''jonesi'') and in the east is ''mandellii'' which has streaking on the back and nape apart from having call differences. In the east of India, south of the Brahmaputra River occurs ''chamelum'' while ''ripley'' is found in a small region in eastern Assam (Margherita). Further east in Manipur is ''vocale'' and ''pectorale'' in Arunachal Pradesh and northern Burma with ''stageri'' further south, followed by ''hilarum'', ''victoriae'' and ''minus''. Further east are found ''shanense'', subochraceum'', ''insularum'', ''indistinctum'', ''chtonium'', ''elbeli'', ''acrum'', ''oreum'', ''dusiti'', ''vividum'', ''ubonense'', ''euroum'', ''deignani'', ''dilloni'' and ''smithi''. Several others have been described and many populations are difficult to assign to subspecies. This is the type species for the genus ''Pellorneum'' and its generic placement is assured although other species currently included in the genus may be reassigned.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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